Yunƙurin Flange Bolts: Me yasa Zane-zanen Washer Ke Kashewa?
Masu wanki sun daɗe sun kasance kayan aikin taimako da babu makawa ga injiniyoyi a cikin ƙarar ayyuka. Babban nauyin da ke kansu shine kare farfajiyar haɗin gwiwa yayin daɗaɗɗa, hana murkushewa da lalacewa ta hanyar tuntuɓar kai tsaye, da kuma rarraba kaya cikin hankali a ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙwasa da goro don tabbatar da daidaito da kwanciyar hankali. Koyaya, tare da ci gaban fasaha da haɓaka aikin injiniya, sannu a hankali an maye gurbinsu da masu wankiflange kusoshia wasu aikace-aikace. A yau, bari mu yi nazari sosai kan dalilan da suka haddasa wannan sauyi.
Da farko, muna bukatar mu bayyana a sarari cewa yin amfani da juzu'i don sarrafa ƙarfin murɗawa a kaikaice ita ce hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita a aikin injiniya. Wannan hanya mai sauƙi ce kuma mai sauƙin aiwatarwa, kuma sananne ne ga injiniyoyi. Koyaya, a cikin ainihin aiki, ba shi da wahala a gano cewa gogayya da ke aiki akan zaren ƙwanƙwasa da ƙwanƙwasa za ta cinye mafi yawan ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi. Wannan yana nufin cewa ko da yake muna amfani da juzu'i mai yawa, ɓangaren da a zahiri ke jujjuya shi zuwa ingantaccen ƙarfi yana da iyaka sosai.
A cikin wannan mahallin, matsalolin da masu wanki ke haifarwa sun shahara musamman. Tun da taurin madaidaicin masu wanki yakan kasance ƙasa da na kusoshi da goro, suna da wuya ga nakasar filastik ƙarƙashin babban damuwa. Wannan nakasawa ba wai kawai yana haifar da mai wanki da kansa ya ruguje ba, har ma yana iya yin tasiri ga ƙarfin damƙewar abin da ke haifar da asarar ƙarfi. Da bambanci,flange kusoshiba ku da wannan matsala. Fuskar goyon bayan su yana kula da taurin gaba ɗaya kamar na fastener, kuma yana iya kula da tsayayyen siffa da aiki a ƙarƙashin babban damuwa.
Bugu da ƙari, ramin sharewa a cikin ƙirar mai wanki yana iya haifar da matsala masu yawa. Don guje wa tsangwama tare da baka na canji a ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙwasa, mai wanki yana buƙatar samun babban ramin sharewa. Duk da haka, wannan ramin sharewa na iya sa tsakiyar mai wanki ya karkata daga axis a lokacin da ake ƙarfafawa, yana haifar da ɗora nauyi da damuwa na gida. Wannan ba kawai yana ƙara haɗarin shigar ciki da lalacewar haɗin gwiwa ba, amma kuma yana iya shafar kwanciyar hankali da amincin duk tsarin ɗaurewa.
Wani batu da ya kamata a lura shi ne abin da ke faruwa na jujjuyawar wanki. A lokacin aikin matsewa, mai wanki wani lokaci yana juyawa a saman haɗin gwiwa tare da goro. Wannan jujjuyawar tana canza alakar da ake amfani da ita da kuma ƙwanƙwasa ƙarfi, yana haifar da hasara mai yawa na matsawa. Sai dai idan ba a yi taka-tsantsan da lura a lokacin da ake matsawa ba, da wuya a gano da kuma gyara wannan matsala cikin lokaci.
A ƙarshe, yin amfani da washers kuma yana ƙara yawan abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin haɗin gwiwa. A ƙananan ƙananan matakan, haɗawa tsakanin waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na iya haifar da asarar ƙarfi. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman lokacin da aka fara danna sassan haɗin gwiwa zuwa lamba. Don wuraren tuntuɓar ƙarfe-zuwa-karfe, wannan asarar yawanci tsakanin 0.002 da 0.006 mm. Don saman fenti, tasirin sakawa ya fi fitowa fili. Sabili da haka, yin amfani da wanki yana ƙara haɓaka wannan tasiri kuma yana ƙara rage ƙarfin daɗaɗɗen kusoshi.
A taƙaice, za mu iya ganin cewa duk da cewa masu wanki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan ɗaure na gargajiya, ba za a iya yin watsi da matsalolinsu ba. Da bambanci,flange kusoshisuna da kwanciyar hankali mafi girma, ingantaccen aminci da ƙananan farashin kulawa. Don haka, injiniyoyi da yawa sun fara zaɓar ƙullun flange don maye gurbin na'urorin gargajiya da masu wanki. Tabbas, a lokacin tsarin maye gurbin, muna kuma buƙatar kula da daidaitawa na asali na shigarwa na asali don tabbatar da haɓaka tasirin haɓakawa.
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•Michelle
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