Menene Ma'anar 4.8 da 8.8 akan Bolts?
Alamar da ke kan kusoshi, kamar 4.8 da 8.8, suna nuna matakan aiki na ƙusoshin da aka yi amfani da su a haɗin ginin ƙarfe. An rarraba waɗannan maki zuwa sama da matakai goma da suka haɗa da 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, da 12.9. Daga cikin waɗannan, bolts masu daraja 8.8 zuwa sama ana yin su ne daga ƙaramin ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon ko ƙarfe mai matsakaicin carbon wanda aka yi masa maganin zafi (quenching da tempering), wanda aka fi sani da bolts masu ƙarfi. Sauran ana kiransu gabaɗaya da kusoshi na yau da kullun.
Alamar aikin aiki ta ƙunshi jeri biyu na lambobi masu wakiltar ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfi na ƙima da rabo-zuwa-tensile na kayan ƙulla. Misali:
- Ƙaƙwalwar ƙira tare da ƙimar aiki na 4.8 yana nufin:
- Ƙarfin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan abu ya kai 400 MPa;
- Rarraba-zuwa-ƙuƙwalwa na kayan ƙwanƙwasa shine 0.8;
- Sabili da haka, ƙarfin ƙimar ƙima na kayan kwalliya shine 400 × 0.8 = 320 MPa.
- Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da aikin aiki na 10.9, bayan maganin zafi, zai iya cimma:
- Ƙarfin ƙarancin ƙima na kayan ƙwanƙwasa ya kai 1000 MPa;
- Rarraba-zuwa-ƙuƙwalwa na kayan ƙwanƙwasa shine 0.9;
- Don haka, ƙarfin ƙimar ƙima na kayan ƙwanƙwasa shine 1000 × 0.9 = 900 MPa.
Matsayin aiki na bolts wani ma'auni ne na duniya da aka sani, yana tabbatar da cewa ƙulla maki ɗaya suna da aiki iri ɗaya ba tare da la'akari da kayansu ko asalinsu ba, yana ba da damar zaɓin ƙira bisa ƙimar aiki kawai.
Game da ƙarfin ƙarfin, ya kamata a lura cewa abin da ake kira 8.8 da 10.9 maki ba sa nufin matakan damuwa na 8.8 GPa da 10.9 GPa, amma maimakon haka:
- Don maki 8.8, ƙarfin tensile na ƙima shine 800 N/mm², kuma ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 640 N/mm².
Ƙarfin Bolt yawanci ana nuna shi ta hanyar "XY", inda X100 yayi daidai da ƙarfin juzu'i na bolt, kuma X100*(Y/10) yayi daidai da ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa (kamar yadda al'adar alama: ƙarfin samar da ƙarfi / ƙarfin ƙarfi = Y/10).
Misali, don digiri na 4.8:
- Ƙarfin ƙarfi zai zama 400 MPa;
- Ƙarfin amfanin gona zai zama 400 * 8/10 = 320 MPa.
Bugu da ƙari, bakin karfe ana yawan yiwa alama alama a matsayin A4-70 ko A2-70, waɗanda ke da ma'anoni daban-daban musamman ga ƙa'idodin da ke tafiyar da kayan haɗin bakin karfe.
Na gode don karantawa, idan kuna buƙatar ganin ƙarin abubuwan da muke bayarwa zaku iya bi hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizon da ke ƙasa!